Purpose: To examine the effect of using smart phones on the positive behavioral outcomes of employees with a mediating role of social capital.
Method: This study is considered an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlational study in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population of the research includes all the staff of Tehran's public libraries, who numbers 394 from whom 200 individuals were selected by using the random sampling method. Cochran formula has been used to determine the sample size 200 participants. Due to the small size of the population and the appropriate volume for the modeling of structural equations, the entire population was studied. The instrument for collecting data was the standard questionnaire by Shir et al. (2017) whose reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.914. To verify the suitability of the data for factor analysis, KMO test was used. Furthermore, the research validity was examined by a factor analysis and finally the Amos software was used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings: The examination of the fit indices of the research model showed its good fit. Furthermore, findings indicated that using smartphones has a significant and positive effect with the path coefficient=0/45 on the positive behavioral outcomes of library staff. Moreover, the role of social capital as a mediator in this effect was confirmed with the indirect path coefficient = 0/48.

Originality/value: The current research has been the first one that has studied the positive outcomes of the librarians' use of smart phones and its consequences in public libraries through the mediating role of social capital. This research reveals the advantages of using smart phones in organizations and its results contribute to the empirical and theoretical development of this area of study. Therefore, considering the importance and efficiency of smart phones in providing information, reference, information technology and educational and research services, it is suggested that measures be taken to be used appropriately in the development of public library services with the help of smart phones.