نیاز اطلاعاتی و رفتار اطلاعیابی پرستاران: مروری بر مطالعات انجام شده در جهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده
هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی رفتار اطلاعیابی پرستاران و شناسایی نیازهای اطلاعاتی آنها از طریق تحلیل مقالات پژوهشی منتشر شده در این حوزه در مجلات بینالمللی است.
 روش:‌ در پژوهش حاضر از روش سندی استفاده شده است. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش شامل مقالات حوزۀ رفتار اطلاعیابی پرستاران نمایه شده در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی پاب مد، سینال، ساینسدایرکت، مدلاین، پرکوئست، اِمِرالد، اِبسکو و موتور جستوجوی گوگل اِسکالر در فاصلۀ سالهای 2000 تا 2009 میباشد.
یافتهها: یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که پرستاران بهمنظور کسب اطلاعات تخصصی، روزآمدسازی و ارتقاء دانش شخصی، رفع نیازهای بالینی بیماران از جمله پیشگیری، تشخیص، درمان و دریافت اطلاعات دارویی از منابع انسانی و متون پزشکی استفاده میکنند. مشورت با همکاران و پزشکان و بررسی مدارک بیماران مهمترین منابع اطلاعاتی پرستاران است. الگوی پرستاری مبتنی بر شواهد، الگوی رایج جستوجوی اطلاعات در میان پرستاران است. انگیزۀ پرستاران از جستوجوی اطلاعات، پاسخگویی به سؤالات بیماران، رفع ابهامات موجود در متون تخصصی و پروندههای بیماران میباشد. مهم‌ترین موانع جستوجوی اطلاعات پرستاران کمبود وقت، در دسترس نبودن منابع، مشغلۀ کاری، فقدان مهارتهای اطلاعیابی لازم، و آشنا نبودن با منابع اطلاعاتی است. اتکاء به همکاران، کمتوجهی به متون رشته و منابع اطلاعاتی الکترونیکی از چالشهای اصلی رفتار اطلاعیابی در این حوزه بهشمار میرود.  
اصالت/ ارزش: گردش اطلاعات و استفادۀ بهینه و مطلوب از آن در جامعۀ اطلاعاتی وابسته به میزان انطباقپذیری میان اطلاعات و کاربران است. از سوی دیگر چالش اصلی پرستاران، اتخاذ تصمیمات فوری و دقیق در مواقع بحرانی است. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند در برنامه‌ریزی‌های آینده برای رفع نیازهای اطلاعاتی، استفاده بهینه از منابع اطلاعاتی، و شناسایی الگوی رایج اطلاعیابی پرستاران راهگشا باشد.

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