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Purpose: To study, identify and evaluate the services risks of the public libraries affiliated with Iran Public Libraries Foundation and to provide a solution based on the modern portfolio theory.
Method: This is an applied research in terms of purpose and a qualitative study in terms of the data collection method, which has been carried out by applying the cross-mix method. In order to achieve the purpose of research and identifying the dangers facing libraries, a systematic search was conducted through the databases of Science Direct, Emerald, Normex, Mag Iran, Civilica, Humanities Database and the University of Tehran Journal. In this study, Sandlowski and Barroso's (2007) seven-step method was used. Then, the Shannon entropy quantitative method was used to determine the significance and priority of each of the concepts discovered. Furthermore, a Critical appraisal tool was used to determine the cross-validity. A description of how to use his tool is given in the quality control section. In the present study, all the relevant articles were studied and each of the risks the public library services face was identified and coded. To determine the reliability, the two-coder agreement method was utilized and the kappa coefficient was used to calculate the coefficient of agreement between the two coders.
Findings: The extracted resources were finally evaluated and 52 risks were divided into nine categories: Library Existential Value, Collection, Information Technology, Human Resources Issues, Laws, Regulations, Management, Financial Issues, Evaluation and Access to Information. The results showed that the component "socio-economic changes" and, consequently, the ever-changing needs of customers and provision of their information needs will result in the library's inability to meet the maximum customer information needs. Furthermore, this component received more attention than other components.
Originality/value: Libraries always face risks while delivering their services, and identifying and managing these risks will help solve many of the diffulties and problems facing public libraries. Therefore, the present study can have a significant impact on planning and defining the public libraries' policy in the future.
 

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Purpose: The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of risk management in public libraries based on the risk management model in the public sector.
Method: In order to carry out the main stages of the research and collect data, a questionnaire was designed based on the ISO 31000 standard and the risk management model of Ahmati and Vladi (2017), and its reliability and validity were checked, and it was implemented after modification and assurance. The whole questionnaire had 35 items in the spectrum of 6 continuous options (code 1, I completely disagree to code 6, I completely agree). The research community was all librarians of public libraries in Tabriz, whose total number was 118. With random sampling and Cochran's formula, the number of studied samples was 90 people. Descriptive statistics, binomial test, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.
Findings: The findings of the initial interview showed that librarians' familiarity with risk management is low toward moderate, and risk management is important for librarians from an organizational point of view as well as from a personnel point of view, and they consider two types of attention to risk management, namely systemic attention and situational attention. Descriptive findings showed that the librarians' agreement with the dimensions of the risk management model is at the "somewhat agree" level. Also, the findings of the research showed that librarians agree with the main dimensions, as well as the sub-dimensions of the risk management model in the public sector; Of course, except for one dimension called "monitoring and revision of the framework" where there was no certainty about the librarians' agreement or disagreement with it. In addition, the findings showed that the fourth (concentration of risk management to uncertainties) and fifth (systemic, structured and timely risk management program) components of the dimension of risk management principles do not have the necessary correlation with their underlying variable and lack validity. Also, in the operational model of risk management that was studied in the form of structural equation modeling, the dimension of principles (independent variable), five dimensions related to the framework, and four dimensions of the processes (risk assessment, contextualization, communication and consultation, and risk analysis) was considered meaningful and this means that the risk management model in public libraries should probably include the mentioned dimensions.
Originality/value: The innovation of this article is in introducing a new framework for applying risk management in public libraries and testing it to determine which dimensions of this model and with what relationships can be used as dimensions of risk management in Iranian public libraries.